Different mechanisms including washout of nasopharyngeal dead space, increased pulmonary compliance and some degree of distending airway pressure may be responsible for the effect. The available studies suggest that HFNC is a relatively safe, well-tolerated and feasible method for delivering oxygen to children with few adverse events having been reported. ![]() Studies including infants hospitalised in a neonatal ward, or adults over 18 years of age, as well as expert reviews, were not systematically evaluated, but discussed if appropriate. Thirteen studies included only children with bronchiolitis, while the other studies included children with various respiratory conditions. Five of these studies were interventional studies and 21 were observational studies. Twenty-six clinical studies including children on HFNC beyond the newborn period with various respiratory diseases hospitalised in an emergency department, paediatric intensive care unit or general ward were included. We performed a systematic search of the databases PubMed, Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane up to 12th of May 2016. The aim of this study was to review the current knowledge of HFNC regarding mechanisms of action, safety, clinical effects and tolerance in children beyond the newborn period. Recently a marked increase in the use of HFNC has been seen both in paediatric and adult care settings. ![]() ![]() High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is a relatively new non-invasive ventilation therapy that seems to be well tolerated in children.
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